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Chinese to English: Report of the Work of the Government of Jiangsu(Excerpt) General field: Other Detailed field: Government / Politics
Source text - Chinese （四）落实重大改革举措，激发经济社会发展活力。围绕供给侧结构性改革，突出问题导向，落实一批具有重大牵引作用的改革举措，注重改革的系统性、配套性，加快形成引领经济发展新常态的体制机制。深化行政管理体制改革，深入推进简政放权，进一步减少行政审批事项。稳妥开展相对集中行政许可权改革和综合行政执法改革试点，推进政务服务平台一体化建设，优化审批流程、提高审批效率，推动建立统一的公共资源交易平台。深化财税金融改革，推进事权和支出责任相适应，建立全面规范、公开透明预算制度，完善地方政府举债融资体制，深化国税地税征管体制改革。创新投融资机制，落实和强化企业投资自主权。鼓励发展直接融资，优化社会融资结构。加快设立民营银行和企业应急转贷基金，扩大小微企业转贷方式创新试点和农民住房、农村土地承包经营权抵质押融资试点。深化国有企业改革，优化国有企业布局，加快国有资本向重要行业和关键领域集中，推进国有企业、国有资本采取混合所有制方式开展增量改革重组。完善国有资产管理体制，建立国有资产出资人监管权力清单和责任清单。改建组建国有资本投资、运营公司。全面启动新一轮电力体制改革试点，积极推进石油、天然气、盐业等重点行业改革。深化商事制度改革，巩固和扩大“三证合一”、“一照一码”改革成果，放宽市场主体住所登记条件，加快全程电子化登记改革，建立统一的市场监管平台，切实加强事中事后监管。深化价格市场化改革，推行排污费差别化征收政策，深入推进医药价格改革，加强市场价格监管和反垄断执法。深化农村各项改革，推进农村集体产权制度、农村土地使用制度和农村金融改革，深入开展农垦、集体林权、国有林场和供销合作社综合改革，基本完成农村土地承包经营权确权登记颁证任务。加强分类指导，完善“一市一策”、“一市一试点”政策体系，继续支持宿迁开展区域协调发展综合改革试点。
（五）全面提升对内对外开放水平，培育国际竞争新优势。认真落实和主动服务国家重大战略，推进高水平双向开放。在落实“一带一路”战略中拓展开放空间。围绕重点产业、重点国别建立产能合作项目库，建立完善与沿线重点国家和地区的合作机制，推进国际产能合作、工程建造和装备制造走出去。强化连云港、徐州新亚欧大陆桥经济走廊重要战略节点支撑作用，加快东中西区域合作示范区、中哈（连云港）物流合作基地、上合组织国际物流园、境外经贸合作载体和沿线国家国际友城建设。在参与长江经济带建设中加强区域合作。坚持生态优先、绿色发展的战略定位，积极融入长江经济带建设。依托长江黄金水道，加快建设综合立体交通走廊，着力抓好长江南京以下深水航道、沿江城际铁路、南京区域性航运物流中心、长江下游江海联运港区和长江经济带转型升级示范开发区建设，积极构建长江大通关体制，促进与中上游地区的互动发展。在推动载体创新发展中加快开放型经济转型升级。创新开发区体制机制和运营模式，集聚高端人才、高端技术、高端产业，促进外贸结构与产业结构调整优化相协调。强化全产业链招商，有序扩大服务领域开放。推进苏州工业园区开展开放创新综合试验，推进中韩盐城产业园区、淮安台资企业产业转移集聚服务示范区等建设。深化苏港澳合作。建立省级“走出去”综合服务平台，加强境外产业合作区和产业集聚区建设，培育具有较强竞争力的本土跨国企业。在与自贸试验区对接互动中加快形成开放新体制。积极推广上海自由贸易试验区经验，复制推广投资、贸易、金融和综合监管制度等多项改革举措。争取设立国家自由贸易园（港）区。提升昆山深化两岸产业合作试验区建设水平，支持南京海峡两岸产业协同发展和创新驱动合作试验区建设。全面推广“清单化审核、备案化管理”的外资企业设立审批方式，加快国际贸易“单一窗口”和通关一体化建设，提高投资贸易便利化水平。
（六）转变农业发展方式，加快建设现代农业。以保障农产品有效供给和促进农民增收为核心，深入实施农业现代化工程，加快农业转方式、调结构、强基础。大力培育新型农业经营主体。加快发展家庭农场，推进农民合作社规范发展。实施新型职业农民培育推进工程，积极发展多种形式适度规模经营。促进农业龙头企业做大做强，增强对农业产业发展、基地建设和农户家庭的带动作用。调整优化农业结构。稳定发展优质粮油棉业，推动农牧渔结合，鼓励主产区粮食就地转化加工。积极发展设施园艺业、规模畜牧业和特色水产业。推广农业标准化生产。促进农村产业融合发展。推动农业生产与农产品加工、流通有机结合，提高农业产业化经营水平，延伸农业产业链和价值链。创新农产品流通方式和业态，加强粮食收储设施和冷链物流体系建设。大力发展农村电子商务，积极推广“一村一品一店”模式。积极发展开放型农业、休闲观光农业和远洋渔业。提高农业物质装备和技术水平。实施藏粮于地、藏粮于技战略，坚守耕地红线，全面划定永久基本农田，探索建立粮食生产功能区和重要农产品生产保护区。着力提高耕地质量，加大土地综合整治力度，探索耕地轮作休耕试点。大规模推进农田水利建设和高标准农田建设，发展节水农业，积极推进农机农艺配套。加快农业科技创新和重大技术推广，开展绿色增产模式攻关。大力发展现代种业。完善现代农业支持保护体系。健全农业投入稳定增长机制。稳定农村土地承包关系，依法推进土地经营权有序流转，完善农业社会化服务体系。积极推进农业水价综合改革，创新金融支农服务机制，建立农业担保机构，让更多资金进入农业农村。
Translation - English 4. We will implement major reform measures to energize economic and social development. We will center on supply-side structural reform, focus on resolving problems, implement a number of reform measures that can produce major driving force for the economy, and accelerate the formation of systems and mechanisms which will guide economic development under the new normal conditions. We will deepen reform of the administrative system, press ahead with streamlining administration and delegating more power to lower-level governments and further cut down on items of administrative approval. We will carry out the pilot reforms of relatively centralized power of administrative licensing and of comprehensive administrative law enforcement in a progressive manner, advance the integration of service platforms of government affairs, improve both the procedures and the efficiency of examination and approval, and promote the establishment of a unified transaction platform for public resources. We will deepen fiscal, taxation and financial reforms, make power of management match spending responsibilities, establish a comprehensive, standard, open and transparent budgetary system, improve the local government debt financing system, and deepen the reform of the system for collection and administration of national and local taxes. We will develop new ways in the investing and financing system, and ensure and enhance enterprises’ decision-making power on investment. We will encourage the development of direct financing and improve social financing structure. We will accelerate the establishment of emergency enlending funds for private banks and enterprises, expand the pilot project of innovating enlending models for small- and-micro-sized enterprises and the pilot project of financing by mortgaging and pledging farmers’ housing and the contracted management right of rural land. We will deepen reform of state-owned enterprises so that they are properly distributed, accelerate the concentration of state-owned capital in important industries and key areas and encourage the incremental reform and reorganization of state-owned enterprises and state-owned capital by introducing mixed ownership. We will improve the state property management system and build lists of supervisory power and responsibilities of the contributors of state-owned capital. We will reorganize and establish state-owned capital investment and operation companies. We will launch a new round of pilot reforms of electric power in a comprehensive manner, and promote the reform of such key industries as petroleum, natural gas and salt. We will deepen reform of the commercial affairs system, consolidate and expand the achievements scored in the reform of “merger of the business license, the organization code certificate and the tax registration certificate into one” and “one license with one social credit code”, relax the registration requirements for the residence of main market players, pick up pace in reforming the whole-course electronic registration, establish a unified market regulation platform, and enhance oversight over business operations in their entire course. We will deepen market-oriented price reform, introduce the policy of differentiated collection of pollution discharge fees, continue to push forward with the medicine pricing reform, and step up efforts in supervising and controlling market prices and enforcing the anti-monopoly law. We will deepen various rural reforms, make progress in reforms of collective property rights institutions, land use system and financial system in rural areas, deeply advance the comprehensive reforms of agricultural reclamation, collective forestry property rights, state-owned forest farms and supply and marketing cooperatives, and basically fulfill the task of registration and certificate conferment of re-evaluated contractual management right of rural land. We will intensify guidance to different types of cities, improve the system of policies characterized by “One City, One Policy” and “One City, One Pilot Project”, and continue to support the comprehensive pilot reform of coordinated regional development in Suqian.
5. We will improve our opening-up level to the domestic market and to the outside world, and nurture new international competitiveness. We will conscientiously implement and take initiative to serve major national strategies, and promote high standard two-way opening. We will expand the space for opening up while implementing the Belt and Road Initiative. We will establish databases of production capacity cooperation projects in key industries and countries, and establish and improve cooperation mechanisms with key countries and regions along the Belt and Road to encourage international production capacity cooperation, engineering construction and equipment manufacturing to “go global”. We will enhance the supporting role of Lianyungang and Xuzhou as important strategic nodes on the economic corridor of the New Eurasian Continental Bridge, and accelerate the development of China-Kazakhstan (Lianyungang) Logistics Terminal, International Logistics Park of Shanghai Cooperation Organization, platforms of overseas economic and trade cooperation and sister cities in countries along the Belt and Road. We will bolster regional cooperation in building the Yangtze Economic Belt. We will adhere to the strategy of “Ecology and Green Development First”, actively engaging in the building of the Yangtze Economic Belt. By relying on the “golden” water channel of the Yangtze River, we will accelerate building a comprehensive grade-separation transport system with the focus on the following projects, namely, Deep-Water Yangtze Channels Southward from Nanjing, Riverside Inter-City Railway, Nanjing Regional Shipping Logistics Center, Yangtze Downstream River-Sea Port Zone, and Yangtze Economic Upgrading Pilot Zone, as part of the efforts in establishing a Grand Yangtze Cargo Clearance System, boosting interactive development with regions along midstream and upstream of the Yangtze River. We will facilitate transformation and upgrading in the open economy amid carrier-based innovative development. We will develop new systems, institutions and operation models in development zones while attracting top talents and high-end technologies and industries, boosting the synchronization between foreign trade structure and industrial structure. We will intensify investment promotion in the overall industrial chain and orderly expand the scope of services. We will carry forward the building of Comprehensive Pilot Zone of Suzhou Industrial Park, China-Korea (Yancheng) Industrial Park and Huai’an Taiwan Business Transfer Cluster Service Pilot Zone. Collaboration with Hong Kong and Macau will be deepened. We will establish provincial platforms to serve companies to “go global”, strengthen the building of outbound industrial cooperation zones and industrial clusters, and nurture competitive local multinationals. We will speed up the creation of a new open system through alignment and interaction with pilot free trade zones. We will actively draw on the experience of Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone and introduce and extend its numerous reform measures regarding investment, trade, finance and the system of integrated oversight. We will strive to set up national free trade parks (ports). We will improve the capability of Kunshan in constructing the cross-strait industrial collaboration pilot zones and of Nanjing in building cross-strait coordinated development and innovation-driven pilot zone. We will fully promote the approach of “examination by lists and management with filing” for the approval of establishing foreign-owned enterprises, “one window” international trade and integration of customs clearance, further facilitating investment and trade.
6. We will transform the agricultural growth model and accelerate the development of modern agriculture. Centering on securing effective agro-food supply and increasing farmers’ income, we will implement agricultural modernization projects and quicken transformation, restructuring and infrastructural building in agriculture. We will foster new agricultural operation entities. We will develop family farms while promoting well-regulated development of agricultural cooperatives. We will carry out province-wide promotion of nurturing professional farmers, advocating moderate scale operations in various forms. We will help leading agricultural businesses grow bigger and stronger in order to generate exemplary effects that boost agro-industry development, infrastructural building and family farms. We will adjust and improve the agricultural structure. We will steadily develop high-quality cereal and oil industry, promote combination of agriculture, husbandry and fishery, and encourage on-spot food processing in main production areas. Facility horticulture, scale husbandry and aquaculture with distinctive local features will be developed. Standardization in agriculture production will be promoted. We will promote integrated development of rural industries. We will promote dynamic integration of agro-production with processing and circulation, bolster industrialized operation, and extend production and value chain in agriculture. In innovating approaches and models of agro-products, we will enhance building of grain storage facilities and cold-chain logistics systems. Rural e-business will be rapidly developed in the model of “one village, one product and one store”. Open agriculture, recreational agriculture and ocean fishery will accelerate the pace of development. We will upgrade agro-equipment and technology. By implementing the strategy of “maintaining farmland and relying on technology for grain production”, we will ensure that the farmland will not fall below the red line, designate permanent basic farmland across Jiangsu, and explore ways in constructing grain production zones and production safety zones for major crops. We will spare no effort to improve arable land quality, intensify efforts in comprehensive land management, and set up pilot zones for land rotation. We will promote large-scale water conservancy and high standard farmland programs, develop water-saving agriculture and advance the matching between agricultural equipment and techniques. While speeding up agricultural technological innovation and extension of major technologies, we will also tackle issues facing green agro-stimulation and develop modern seed production industry. We will improve modern agricultural support and protection system. We will complete the steady incremental mechanism for agro-investment. We will ensure that the rural contractual land relationship is put on a stable footing, promote orderly transfer of land operating rights in compliance with the law and provide better specialized services for agriculture. We will push forward comprehensive reforms in agro-water price, develop new ways in agro-financing service mechanism and establish guarantee agencies for agriculture, allowing more funds to enter the agriculture sector and villages.
Chinese to English: Memorandum of Understanding on Promoting International Industrial Capacity Cooperation and Implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative Between the Ministry of Economy of United Arab Emirates And Jiangsu Provincial People’s Government of People’s General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Economics
Source text - Chinese 中华人民共和国江苏省人民政府 阿拉伯联合酋长国经济部
关于推进国际产能合作 落实“一带一路”倡议
合 作 备 忘 录
Translation - English Memorandum of Understanding on
Promoting International Industrial Capacity Cooperation and Implementation of the Belt and Road Initiative
Between the Ministry of Economy of United Arab Emirates
And Jiangsu Provincial People’s Government of People’s Republic of China
In order to thoroughly implement the important consensus reached between state leaders of the two countries on advancing China-UAE friendly exchanges and cooperation and promoting more fruitful results in international industrial capacity and equipment manufacturing cooperation under the framework of the Belt and Road Initiative, the Ministry of Economy of United Arab Emirates and Jiangsu Provincial People’s Government of People’s Republic of China build on previous achievements and reach agreement on strengthening practical exchanges and cooperation between the two sides, advancing the building of the Belt and Road Initiative and pushing forward development of the China-UAE Industrial Capacity Cooperation Demonstration Park (hereinafter referred to as “the Park”), and enter into the following strategic cooperation agreement on July 31, 2017.
I Cooperation Principle
We will actively participate in and implement the Belt and Road Initiative, act in accordance with the principle of “market operation with enterprises as major players, facilitation, services and support from the government, win-win results with risk prevention, mutual complementarities and cooperative development”, follow market rules, international convention and business principles and combine the industrial capacity advantages and experiences in park development of Jiangsu with the resource endowment and market factors of UAE to actively yet prudently and creatively forge ahead with China-UAE industrial capacity cooperation. In particular, we will take the building of the Park as an opportunity to encourage competitive Chinese enterprises to settle in the Park for investment cooperation. The two sides will energetically facilitate industrial capacity cooperation and promote all-round exchanges and cooperation in multiple areas through myriad means such as joint park development, direct investment, engineering project contracting and technological cooperation.
II Cooperation Areas
Both sides agree to focus on jointly building the Belt and Road Initiative and promoting international industrial capacity and equipment manufacturing cooperation with priority on practical cooperation in the following areas.
1. Cooperation in Jointly Building the Park
Both sides agree to build the Park in the Khalifa Industrial Zone and join hands to contribute to the growth of the Park. Jiangsu will establish Jiangsu Overseas Cooperation Investment Development Co., Ltd., which is dedicated to the development, operation and management of the Park. Jiangsu will select 2.2 km2 (another 10 km2 as reserve) in the Khalifa Industrial Zone for planning, construction and operation, and invite interested and competitive enterprises in China to settle in the Park. The UAE side shall provide relevant services, develop supporting infrastructure in the Park, assist Chinese enterprises to handle relevant formalities, provide policy support and guarantee the legitimate rights and interests of the Chinese enterprises. The two sides will practically enhance exchanges and cooperation in park management services. In this regard, Jiangsu welcomes UAE delegations to visit Jiangsu for exchanging experience in park development, while UAE welcomes Jiangsu to make investment in park development and apply dynamic tuning to relevant standards of services in local industrial parks, and keeps close communications with Jiangsu.
2. Investment Cooperation between Enterprises
Both sides agree to build on the basis of jointly building the Park and further expand investment areas and promote mutually beneficial and win-win cooperation. Jiangsu encourages interested and competitive enterprises to make investment in the UAE and also welcomes UAE enterprises to make investment in Jiangsu. The UAE welcomes more investment in Abu Dhabi from China and will provide assistance and support to them in their investment and development in the UAE and safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.
3. Cooperation in Energy
Both sides agree to pursue in-depth exchanges and practical cooperation in the field of energy, and strengthen exchanges and cooperation in equipment manufacturing, R&D, product application and business model in PV, wind power and other new energy areas. Support will be lent to energy enterprises from Jiangsu to take part in power station investment and oil and gas development in the UAE and efforts will be made to facilitate joint development and sharing of energy infrastructure by the two sides in various forms.
4. Cooperation in Logistics
Both sides will align their logistics policies and push forward strategic cooperation in port logistics, aviation logistics, logistics park and management of global supply chain. Both sides will work together to build transfer warehouse, distribution warehouse and other logistics facilities for countries and regions along the Belt and Road, expand international trunk line transportation, international freight forwarding services, international express delivery services and supply chain value-added services, and facilitate international cooperation between logistics enterprises.
5. Bilateral Exchanges and Cooperation
The two sides agree to regularly exchange high-level visits with a view to strengthening communication and working together to build sister provinces and sister cities. Both sides will comprehensively expand channels for exchange of information on investment and commodities and organize and encourage enterprises from each side to hold product fairs and investment promotion activities in the other side. On the basis of mutual benefit, efforts will be made to expand investment, economic and trade cooperation between the two sides.
III Cooperation Mechanism
In order to jointly advance the building of the Belt and Road Initiative, both sides have already set up the Jiangsu-Abu Dhabi International Industrial Capacity Cooperation Steering Meeting mechanism, which had already held its first meeting in March 2017. Jiangsu Provincial Development and Reform Commission and the Ministry of Economy of UAE are designated by Jiangsu and the UAE respectively as each other’s leading organization for coordination and implementation efforts.
Coordinating organizations from both sides will keep close and friendly communication to push forward steady progress in the exchanges and cooperation and explore to institute even closer cooperation mechanism in the future. Looking ahead, inter-governmental cooperation between the two sides will expand on the basis of this meeting mechanism. While making progress in industrial capacity cooperation, both sides will incorporate education, environmental protection, culture, sports and tourism into cooperation and expand participating departments from both sides at an appropriate time so as to lift the friendly cooperation across the board to a new level.
English to Chinese: Olympic Games Legacy Boosts Economy by Billions General field: Social Sciences Detailed field: Other
Source text - English Olympic Games Legacy Boosts Economy by Billions
Hosting the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic Games could generate up to a £41 billion gross value added (GVA) windfall to the economy by 2020, Culture Secretary Maria Miller announced today. The new data from a consortium led by independent research firm Grant Thornton, commissioned by the DCMS, found that at least £28 billion of economic impact has been secured through the construction and staging of the Games along with tourism, trade and inward investment. This could rise as high as £41 billion as the regeneration of East London develops and further investment is secured.
Inward investment
The 2012 Games meta-evaluation report also shows that £10 billion worth of inward investment and trade deals have been struck as a result of London 2012 since the Games, almost beating the £11 billion four-year target in just 12 months.
Tourism
High spending from overseas visitors in the UK for the Olympics meant that there was net economic growth of £600 million to the visitor economy during Games time, excluding ticket sales, with sustained future growth for tourism forecast due to perceptions of Britain improving as a result of the Games.
London 2012 showed the very best of Britain and hosting the Olympic and Paralympic Games has delivered huge economic benefits to the country. We sat squarely on the centre of the world stage and last summer allowed us to showcase our incredible country, resulting in more growth, investment and a boost for tourism. However, this is just the start, we have a 10-year legacy plan and we must continue to make the very most of the opportunities the Games gave us.
“Positive start” to legacy journey
IOC President Jacques Rogge acknowledged the progress the UK has made with its legacy a year on from London 2012. Rogge said: The memories of the sporting achievements of London 2012 are still fresh in the minds of those of us that witnessed the exploits last summer. For the 2012 generation, these Olympic Games have inspired them to view sport in a new light and to better understand the Olympic values of excellence, friendship, and respect. The International Olympic Committee understands though that the Games are about more than just 16 days of exceptional sporting competition. They are also a catalyst to help a city and country achieve its developmental aims and this is why we ask cities interested in hosting the Games to think long and hard about the legacy that they want to achieve from welcoming the world to their back yard.
London did exactly that and by the time of their Games candidature, the London organisers already had a firm and highly detailed vision of what they wanted to deliver in 2012 and beyond. They were committed to help people connect to sport by focusing the world’s attention on sports’ greatest athletes and giving today’s young people better access to sports facilities, competition, coaching and sporting events.
They also knew that London 2012 was an opportunity to help develop numerous areas economically, socially, and sustainably. This report shows that a positive start to the legacy journey that London will be on for the next 20 years or more has been made.
The meta-evaluation report also found that:
More of us are participating in sport because of the Games, with 1.5 million more adults participating in sport and recreational activity since 2005/06.
The Games inspired a generation of children and young people, with half of 11-15 yr olds and a third of 5-10 yr olds saying it motivated them to do more sport.
The Games were the catalyst for improved elite sporting performance in the UK, driving changes to the management of elite performance which, with increased funding, resulted in medal success.
The 2012 Games set new standards for sustainability, both in construction and events management.
The Games improved attitudes to disability and provided new opportunities for disabled people to participate in society, with unprecedented coverage and viewership of the Paralympics and 62% of people stating that they felt the Games will reduce prejudice.
Communities across the UK engaged with the Games, including 15 million people seeing the Torch Relay and 43 million Cultural Olympiad attendances.
The Games has increased enthusiasm for volunteering, as 20% of Games Makers volunteered for the first time and 45% indicated they would volunteer more in the future.
The Games accelerated the physical transformation of East London, with East London closing the gap on the rest of London on a range of socio-economic indicators.
The Games delivered many strategic benefits and lessons learnt across all levels of Government, particularly driving new ways of working together.
The Games were undoubtedly a success for the UK; not least in the medals tables, but also for the broader economy. From analysing the material impact the Games have had across the UK, it’s clear that the investments made as host nation have already reaped substantial returns - both financial and cultural – and have set the foundations for an even stronger legacy in the years to come. Capturing the data for the study, and indeed, providing an analysis on the Games’ legacy, has offered a truly unique and inspiring insight into the impact which mega-events like the Games can have on a host nation. The tangible economic rewards derived from the Games, along with the reputational and sporting legacy left behind, will surely position London 2012 as a strong contender for the most successful Games in modern memory.
English to Chinese: UN Document General field: Other Detailed field: Other
Source text - English 1. On 9 December 1998, almost 20 years ago, on the eve of the fiftieth anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (General Assembly resolution 217 (III) (A)), the General Assembly declared that everyone had the right to promote and to strive for the protection and realization of human rights and fundamental freedoms. In doing so, the States Members of the United Nations recognized both the truth, well-known to the drafters of the Declaration, that human rights existed, above all, in “small places close to home” and the desperate, daily reality of too many people who continued to face the disregard and contempt for human rights that the Assembly sought to banish.
2. The mood was not celebratory, either for the milestone anniversary of the adoption of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights or for the adoption of the new Declaration on Human Rights Defenders (General Assembly resolution 53/144, annex). Rather, historical accounts tell us that the day was cold and spirits were downcast. A group of human rights defenders gathering to mark the adoption of the Declaration on Human Rights Defenders in Paris expressed their disappointment; in the face of widespread human rights violations, the aspirations of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights continued to be unmet. While the new Declaration was viewed by many as only the “absolute minimum” necessary for the defence of human rights, it was nevertheless greeted by a group of 26 States as being in need of immediate qualification and limitation .
Translation - Chinese 1．在大约20年前的1998年12月9日，即《世界人权宣言》（联合国大会第217A（III）A号决议）通过50周年前夕，联合国大会宣布，每个人都有权力促进人权保护，实现基本自由。通过这一举动，联合国成员国承认人权首先存在于“离家近的小地方”这一《世界人权宣言》起草者们众所周知的事实，同时承认很多人实际上继续面对联合国大会努力消除的人权被漠视和藐视问题。
2． 无论是《世界人权宣言》里程碑式的纪念日，还是通过新的《人权捍卫者宣言》（联合国大会第53/144号决议附件），人们都没有庆祝。相反，历史记载告诉我们，世界人权日是冷冰冰的一天，这一天人们情绪低落。一群纪念《世界人权宣言》通过的人权捍卫者聚集在巴黎，表达他们的不满。面对普遍的侵犯人权行为，《世界人权宣言》的愿景依然无法实现。尽管许多国家认为《人权捍卫者宣言》只是捍卫人权所必需的“绝对最低限度”，但一个由26个国家组成的集团却认为应立即对它设置条件进行限制。
English to Chinese: UN Document 2 General field: Other Detailed field: Other
Source text - English Foremost among the requirements of any new society must be the attainment of full employment. This is nowadays a commonplace. But it has not always been so; and there are even some today who resist its attainment, or if they accept the ends, will not accept the means. Until recently, unemployment was considered to be either an inevitable accompaniment of so-called “free society” or even a desirable reserve without which a capitalist economy would lack a vital instrument of flexibility and of discipline. It is of interest in this connection that the 1936 Constitution of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (U.S.S.R.) included as the first among its “basic rights of citizens”, “the right to work” ( Article 118).
Secondly, there is the need for guaranteeing a certain minimum subsistence for all, sufficient to banish poverty and want. This has two aspects. First is the guarantee through a comprehensive system of social security against loss of earning power from any of the risks to which the wage-earner is prone: risks arising from accident, sickness or old age. Second is a guarantee of certain minimum terms and conditions of employment: a prohibition of any contract of employment which fails to secure a certain minimum standard of earnings. This is not only a matter of aspirations: it is a matter also of attainment; while the standard that is regarded as the minimum standard – as “a living wage”– is itself subject to change from one generation to the next and varies with the level of social and historical development in different parts of the world.
Translation - Chinese 任何一个新社会的第一要求一定是实现充分就业。虽然这在现在司空见惯，但是之前情况并非总是如此。有些人甚至在今天还对此加以抵制；抑或是，如果他们接受了目的，就不会接受手段。直到最近，失业还被认为是所谓的“自由社会”不可避免的副产品，甚至被认为是一种理想的储备。没有了这种储备，资本主义经济将失去一个实现灵活性和自制力的重要工具。有趣的是，1936年《苏维埃社会主义共和国联盟宪法》在“公民的基本权利”（第118条）第一句就包括了“工作权”。
第二要求是需要为所有人提供一定的足以消除贫困的最低生活保障。这包括两个方面。首先是建立全面的社会保障制度，保障工薪阶层不会因事故、疾病或老龄等容易遭受的任何风险而丧失挣钱能力。其次是保证一定的最低就业条件，即禁止签订任何不能确保一定最低收入标准的就业合同。这不仅仅是愿望的问题，实现起来也是问题，因为被视为最低标准的“生活工资”标准本身会随着时代变化而变化，并且在世界各地会因社会和历史发展水平的不同而不同。
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Master's degree - Anhui University
Experience
Years of experience: 14. Registered at ProZ.com: Oct 2018.
I have been working as a foreign affairs official and gained rich knowledge of international engagement. My foreign affairs post enables me to visit over 30 countries and regions for promoting high-level intergovernmental relations as well as exchanges and cooperation in multiple areas. With providing foreign affairs translation and interpretation services to provincial leadership as duties, I have long been working as interpreter for Party Secretaries and Governors of Jiangsu in their foreign affairs activities. I have rich experience in working as a government employee and at the same time I am proficient in Chinese-English and English-Chinese translation and consecutive and simultaneous interpretation.
Work experience July, 2009——present Jiangsu Provincial Foreign Affairs Translation and Interpretation Center (CATTI Level-I, UNLPP Level-3, both highest levels in respective exams) March, 2011-June, 2006 I worked for China Training Center for Senior Personnel Management Officials under the Organization Department of the CPC Central Committee and joined the Sino-Swiss Senior Management Training Program as a program coordinator. I was mainly responsible for providing translation and interpretation services for the lectures given by foreign experts and organizing and coordinating study-visit activities aboard. The themes of the training are Training of Trainers, Training of Enterprise Managers and Senior Human Resources and Studies of Political Parties in European Nations.
I have worked for major diplomatic and foreign affairs events in Jiangsu, including the China-EU Summit, the 2nd Asian Youth Games, the Jiangsu-Singapore Cooperation Council Meeting and the Consultative Conference on Development in Jiangsu. I am also in charge of translation of major official documents of the province, including Report on the Work of the Government of Jiangsu Province and Yearbook of Jiangsu.
Besides, I have worked for the reception of VIP guests from overseas governments, diplomatic missions, multinationals and international organizations, including Canadian Governor General David Johnston, Danish Queen Margrethe II, Prime Minister of Sri Lanka D. M. Jayarathne, former Namibian President Sam Nujoma, President of Zanzibar Ali Mahamed Shein and UN Secretary General Ban Ki-moon.
Expertise 