Prvo što mi palo na pamet a odgovara opisu značenja i podrijetlu navedene fraze.

Ovo kaže English - Serbian Oxford Dictionary:
to feel angry about something that happened long time ago because you think it is unfair - biti ozlojeđen zbog nečega.

“Carrying a chip on your shoulder” Resentful about something or feel that you have been treated badly
http://egret.psychol.cam.ac.uk/medicine/scales/PANSS_Proverb...

Ovde je jako dobro objašnjenje:
http://ezinearticles.com/?Chip-on-Your-Shoulder?&id=289974
The chip is born out of resentment for treatment we have received that we feel was unjust or hurtful.
Obviously we must deal with our mistreatment, real or perceived

A perceived grievance or sense of inferiority.
http://www.phrases.org.uk/meanings/chip-on-your-shoulder.htm...

If someone has a chip on their shoulder, they feel resentful because they feel they are being treated unfairly, especially because of their background, their sex or their colour.
http://www.learn-english-today.com/idioms/idiom-categories/f...

Dakle, neko je ogorčen, ozlojeđen zbog svoje percepcije (koja može biti realna ili ne) da dobija značajno gori tretman od onog koji zaslužuje.

Bujasov rječnik: he carries/has a chip on his shoulder - u sukobu je s čitavim društvom
Prijedlog je parafraza tog idioma.